Archive for August, 2008

‘Mother of All Storms’ Aiming for New Orleans

Sunday, August 31st, 2008

By David L. Brown

Here’s the good news: Since Katrina the Army Corps of Engineers has spent billions of dollars beginning the task of girding up levees to protect the City of New Orleans should another hurricane strike.

The bad news is that the work is nowhere near complete and won’t be done until 2010 or later, while Hurricane Gustav is only about one day away. Here is the current storm track chart:

hurricane_track_models_1-1.jpg

As you can see, Gustav is presently a Category 3 storm after having passed over western Cuba as a Cat. 4. It will probably gain power as it continues across the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The “spaghetti model” shows alternative projected paths the hurricane might take according to several different weather prediction models. It is telling that all of the lines strike southern Louisiana, and the two on the right exactly bracket New Orleans. Even if Gustav follows one of the other paths, it will hit the Louisiana coast near enough to cause serious potential damage to the city, which is below sea level.

See followup comment at the bottom of the page for a report on Gustav’s actual effect.
A measure of how serious a threat is posed by Gustav can be taken from the fact that New Orleans is under a 100 percent evacuation order. As of early this morning all highways were opened to allow traffic to flow outward in all lanes, including both sides of Interstates. Mayor Ray Nagin has declared that the Super Dome will be locked and there will be no “haven of last resort.” Anyone who stays past the curfew that will be put in place later today will be on their own. There will be no rescues attempted and only a skeleton force of police will remain in the city to maintain the curfew and arrest or shoot looters on sight.

It remains to be seen whether the worst will happen, but it is not unlikely the city will take it on the chin. The storm has been described by Mayor Nagin as “the mother of all storms.” It is likely to generate a 20 foot storm surge and up to 15 inches of rain, according to weather forecasts. “This is the real deal, not a test,” FoxNews.com quoted Nagin as he issued the evacuation order Saturday night. “For everyone thinking they can ride this storm out, I have news for you: that will be one of the biggest mistakes you can make in your life.”

What will it mean if New Orleans is flooded once more? I have predicted before that a second major disaster there would almost certainly lead to at least partial abandonment of the city. Since Katrina the federal government has undertaken to invest billions of dollars to attempt to create a “100 year” levee system after Katrina, a system planned to resist a storm expected to occur only once in a century.

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Developing Stories in New Orleans and St. Paul

Wednesday, August 27th, 2008

By David L. Brown

Two somewhat related items to discuss today. First, the possibility for another hurricane strike on New Orleans, Louisiana (NOLA). The present path projection for Tropical Storm Gustav, which is estimated to be a Catagory 3 hurricane by the time it finishes crossing the Gulf, is eerily reminiscent of the path Katrina took a few years ago. Here’s the graphic produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration a few hours ago:

gustav.jpg

The question is, will New Orleans be better prepared this time? Billions have been invested in trying to shore up the aging infrastructure of the city’s levees, but recent reports indicate they are still vulnerable. The NOAA projection has a wide range of margin of error at this early stage, as indicated by the white area and the white stippled area further north. But the center line of the projection has NOLA in its sights like a bowling ball on target for a strike.

Last time the Katrina mess was all the fault of George W. Bush and was a racist plot against Black people. (How critics can say on the one hand that Bush is a moron, and on  the other that he is capable of orchestrating truly Machiavellian plots of astonishing complexity is beyond me.) Ray Nagin is still the mayor of NOLA, and of course he was absolutely in no way to blame for the Katrina disaster, even though he was right on the spot and had full responsibility for handling the disaster. Former governor Kathleen Blanco is no longer in office, and even though it was she who failed to authorize the federal government to take action until it was too late, she, too, was blameless of course (being a Democrat and all). At least Louisianans were impressed enough (not!) by her actions during Katrina to elect a Republican governor.

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More Bad News from the Frozen North

Tuesday, August 26th, 2008

By David L. Brown

Well, things never seem to get better, do they? We have written here before about the effect that thawing permafrost in the Arctic could release large quantities of greenhouse gas (GHG), thus rapidly accelerating global warming. Now, according to a paper published in the scientific journal Nature Geoscience, things could be even worse than anyone thought.

The bad news is reported today on the Scientific American web site, here. According to the report,

“Drunken” trees listing wildly, cracked highways and sinkholes—all are visible signs of thawing Arctic permafrost. When this frozen soil warms, it releases carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases as microbes start to thrive on the organic material it contains—a potentially potent source of uncontrollable climate change.

Now new research published in Nature Geoscience shows that such frozen Arctic soil holds nearly twice as much of the organic material that gives rise to planet-warming greenhouse gases as previously estimated.

“When the air temperature rises two to three degrees, the Arctic tundra would switch from a carbon sink to a carbon source,” says soil scientist Chien-Lu Ping of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. “The greater the carbon stores, the greater the impact it causes,” including even faster warming in the already changing Arctic.

The on-going warming of the Arctic region could release most of the carbon that is presently sequestered in the frozen soil. The article quotes Ping, “Warming will increase the decomposition rate of the soil organic matter and more carbon dioxide will be generated.” He adds, “warming will thaw the permafrost and release the sequestered carbon,” which will also decompose faster in the warmer temperatures.

According to estimates, the permafrost contains an amount of GHG equal to one-sixth of the amount presently in the atmosphere. If that amount were to be released, it would boost the GHG load in the air by a significant amount, resulting in soaring global temperatures.

And lest you think that the Arctic is not thawing, read my August 20 post, “Despite Claims, Arctic Ice Meltdown Continues.” In fact, the graph I included there from the National Snow and Ice Data Center is updated regularly. Here is the latest chart:
n_timeseries-1.jpg

As you can see, the amount of Arctic sea ice that is disappearing this season, as indicated by the solid blue line, continues to drop ominously. The loss in 2007 was significant and surprised even the specialists who follow this closely. The 2007 record loss is shown by the dotted line. As you can see, this year’s trend indicates that record loss could be equaled this year. We shall continue to monitor this important subject.

Recollections of the 1968 Democratic Convention

Sunday, August 24th, 2008

By David L. Brown

The 2008 Democratic National Convention opens tomorrow in Denver. I will not be there. However, there are apparently a good number of individuals who are preparing to turn the event into a replay of the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago — and I WAS there, so perhaps I may have some perspective on the subject.

That time forty years ago was far different from the present era. Yes, both were times of war and yet the present battles in Iraq and Afghanistan cannot in any way be equated to the mess in Vietnam. There was a Democratic regime in the White House. The war in Vietnam began under Kennedy and his successor Lyndon Johnson continued it despite growing public pressure to break and run. (Sound familiar?) “Hanoi Jane” [Fonda] and other outspoken war critics were fanning the flames of civil unrest. The Weather Underground had emerged as a home-grown terrorist movement.

And it wasn’t just the war that was at issue in that unsettled era of the 1960s. Deep social changes were taking place. Self-proclaimed Hippies celebrated the Summer of Love. Woodstock, LSD, marijuana and “free love” identified a significant part of an entire generation of young Baby Boomers. In the wake of the Martin Luther King assassination Chicago and other cities saw race riots like nothing our nation had seen for generations. (I was there, too, as a witness, but that’s another story.)

Today, forty years hence, tens of thousands of modern day Hippies are descending upon Denver to “recreate ’68.” I have to say, What! Not only is the “evil war” that we are presently engaged in nothing to be compared to Vietnam (and I can cite numerous reasons why it is not), but this is a “Republican” war, not a “Democratic” one as was the case forty years ago. The present day Democrats are a world apart from their warmongering predecessors of the Vietnam era. They could better be characterized as appeasement monkeys in the mold of Neville Chamberlain. So why in the name of Allah are these neo-Hippie protesters preparing to disrupt the Democratic Convention in Denver?

Well, you really have to scratch your head over that, but I may have figured it out. Try this: There IS no reason — they’re doing it, as we used to say, for the Helluvit! For kicks. To be able to say, “Look, Ma, I’m on TV — and I’m a moron!” Yeah, making Mom proud, for these are the children of the 1960s Hippies, or in some cases the now aging and unrepentant protesters of the 1960s themselves, emerging like zombies from the grave to relive the “glory days” when the national news portrayed them as brave heroes struggling to save the soul of America.

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Polar Bears Taking the Long Swim

Friday, August 22nd, 2008

By David L. Brown

One of a very few supposed “errors” in Al Gore’s book and movie “An Inconvenient Truth” was his claim that polar bears were drowning while attempting to swim across wide gaps in the Arctic Ocean. It was charged that the statement was anecdotal and had not been documented. Of course, the global warming deniers proceeded to build on the flimsy foundation of that supposed error a complete case that everything Gore said was a pack of lies.

But there is truth to the problem faced by the northern bears, whose natural range is on the floating ice cap — ice that is now breaking up and melting. They can swim, but they are not naturally aquatic animals, so the melting ice is a genuine problem for them.

And here is the image that illustrates their plight, as seen here on the LiveScience web site today:

080822-ap-polar-bear-ff.jpg

Here is an excerpt from the AP story reported on LiveScience:

ANCHORAGE, Alaska (AP) — Nine polar bears were observed in one day swimming in open ocean off Alaska’s northwest coast, an increase from previous surveys that may indicate warming conditions are forcing bears to make riskier, long-distance swims to stable sea ice or land.

The bears were spotted in the Chukchi Sea on a flight by a federal marine contractor, Science Applications International Corp.

It was hired for the Minerals Management Service in advance of future offshore oil development. The MMS in February leased 2.76 million acres within an offshore area slightly smaller than Pennsylvania.

Observers Saturday were looking for whales but also recorded walrus and polar bears, said project director Janet Clark. Many were swimming north and ranged from 15 to 65 miles off shore, she said.

Further down, the article included this:

Steven Amstrup, senior polar bear scientist for the U.S. Geological Survey in Anchorage, said the bears could have been on a patch of ice that broke up northwest of Alaska’s coast.

“The bears that had been on that last bit of ice that remained over shallow shelf waters, are now swimming either toward land or toward the rest of the sea ice, which is a considerable distance north,” he said in an e-mail response to questions.

It probably is not a big deal for a polar bear in good condition to swim 10 or 15 miles, Amstrup said, but swims of 50 to 100 miles could be exhausting.

“We have some observations of bears swimming into shore when the sea ice was not visible on the horizon,” he said. “In some of these cases, the bears arrive so spent energetically, that they literally don’t move for a couple days after hitting shore.”

As the polar ice recedes to greater distances and eventually disappears, there is no doubt that polar bears will be drowning, perhaps in large numbers, just as Gore reported. At the time he prepared “An Inconvenient Truth” it may have been only anecdotal, but pictures and reports such as this show how very endangered this species really is.

Despite Claims, Arctic Ice Meltdown Continues

Wednesday, August 20th, 2008

By David L. Brown

Global warming deniers have been chortling this summer about the supposed return of the Arctic ice, claiming a reversal of the huge loss of ice that occurred last year. Some are even gloating about a “new ice age.”

Well, it seems they were a bit too quick to jump the shark on this issue. According to the latest reports from the National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, CO, the rate of melting of the Arctic ice cap accelerated during the first part of August, opening the Northwest Passage as occurred last year, and predicting that this season still may see as much loss of surface ice as last year’s record.

Here is a graph from the Center’s web site that tracks the amount of ice loss this year against last year and previous averages:

n_timeseries.jpg

Considering that last year’s loss of ice was unprecedented, the downward angle of this year’s trend is certainly no evidence of a reversal of the ice melt, least of all a signal of a new ice age.

According to a news report on the web site of the British newspaper The Guardian, the accelerated meltdown resulted from storms that brought windy conditions to the Arctic. Much of the remaining ice was relatively thin “new” ice formed just last winter, and thus fragile and easily broken up. Said the article posted nine days ago:

As a result, scientists say that the disappearance of sea ice at the North Pole could exceed last year’s record loss. More than a million square kilometres melted over the summer of 2007 as global warming tightened its grip on the Arctic. But such destruction could now be matched, or even topped, this year.

‘It is a neck-and-neck race between 2007 and this year over the issue of ice loss,’ said Mark Serreze, of the US National Snow and Ice Data Centre in Boulder, Colorado. ‘We thought Arctic ice cover might recover after last year’s unprecedented melting – and indeed the picture didn’t look too bad last month. Cover was significantly below normal, but at least it was up on last year.

As we have discussed here for more than two years, the ongoing meltdown of the Arctic ice cap is an ominous sign of global warming, and one that may have extremely serious consequences. The loss of summer ice and snow means that heat from the Sun will be absorbed in open sea water instead of being reflected back into space. That can be expected to create a growing feedback effect as the Arctic Ocean becomes warmer, thawing permafrost on nearby landforms and dramatically changing weather patterns as well as the Arctic ecology.

Just three years ago experts were saying that it would take 100 years for the Arctic ice to melt. Now, according to the Guardian story, improved climate models paint quite a different picture. Here’s an excerpt:

The most important of these computer studies of ice cover was carried out a few months ago by Professor Wieslaw Maslowski of the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Using US navy supercomputers, his team produced a forecast which indicated that by 2013 there will be no ice in the Arctic – other than a few outcrops on islands near Greenland and Canada – between mid-July and mid-September.

‘It does not really matter whether 2007 or 2008 is the worst year on record for Arctic ice,’ Maslowski said. ‘The crucial point is that ice is clearly not building up enough over winter to restore cover and that when you combine current estimates of ice thickness with the extent of the ice cap, you get a very clear indication that the Arctic is going to be ice-free in summer in five years. And when that happens, there will be consequences.’

This point was backed by Serreze. ‘The trouble is that sea ice is now disappearing from the Arctic faster than our ability to develop new computer models and to understand what is happening there. We always knew it would be the first region on Earth to feel the impact of climate change, but not at anything like this speed. What is happening now indicates that global warming is occurring far earlier than any of us expected.’

We will keep an eye on this developing threat to our planet, but in the meantime pay no attention to the crowing and posturing from the climate deniers. There is no new ice age in the cards for Planet Earth. Global warming is real, and all the wishes and claims to the contrary will not make it go away.

Rock Meeting Hard Place On Extinction Express

Sunday, August 17th, 2008

By David L. Brown

The evidence continues to mount that the Earth is entering into a mass extinction event that could dwarf even the one that ended the age of dinosaurs. One of the most ominous clues is the widespread die-off of amphibians.

Why frogs, toads and salamanders should be disappearing is puzzling. After all, amphibians have been around for 250 million years and survived the extinction event 65 million years ago when the dinosaurs bit the dust. There seems to be no single answer, but the suspicion is that it all has to do with the changes Man has brought to the planet.

Frogs may be the “canary in the mine” for many other species, which already have either disappeared or are in danger of doing so. According to an article this morning on the ScienceDaily.com web site:

“There is no consensus among the scientific community about when the current mass extinction started,” [David] Wake [professor of integrative biology at UC Berkeley] said. It may have been 10,000 years ago, when humans first came from Asia to the Americas and hunted many of the large mammals to extinction. It may have started after the Industrial Revolution, when the human population exploded. Or, we might be seeing the start of it right now, Wake said.

But no matter what the start date, empirical data clearly show that extinction rates have dramatically increased over the last few decades, Wake said.

The global amphibian extinction is a particularly bleak example of this drastic decline. In 2004, researchers found that nearly one-third of amphibian species are threatened, and many of the non-threatened species are on the wane.

According to Wake, a virulent fungus is a major cause of frog extinctions, but he said that global warming and habitat constriction are two other major killers of frogs. He added that the amphibians in the Sierra Nevada that he studies are also affected by pesticides carried by the wind from nearby croplands. “The frogs have really been hit by a one-two punch,” he said, “although it’s more like a one-two-three-four punch.”

How can the advent of humanity be having the effect of driving tens of thousands of species into extinction. After all, the last time anything like that occurred, it took this to do the job:

dinoextinctpic.jpg

How can we little ol’ harmless humans be doing anything to equal such a devastating event? Well, the answer is that we are dealing the environment with death by a thousand cuts. Remember that a trickle of water can carve a deep canyon, one tiny grain of stone at a time. Similarly, ever since the dawn of agriculture about ten thousand years ago, Humankind has been changing the Earth, one bit at a time. Each time a tree is felled, the Earth grew a little poorer. Each time a factory ship dredges the fish from the sea, the Earth dies a little. Each time a new power plant is fired up and begins to belch carbon dioxide into the air, the planet’s ecosphere shrinks by just a wee bit.

Now that there are nearly seven billion of us crowding almost every square kilometer of Earth, what was a trickle has become a torrent. Unlike a tiny stream that can take millennia to carve even a modest canyon, a surging tsunami can cause major change quite quickly.

That is a fair analogy to what is happening today, as the heavy footprint of humanity weighs on the once rich and diverse flora and fauna of our dear Mother Earth.

Unfortunately, we are like passengers who happily boarded a train to see where it would go, and now it has run out of control and is crashing off the tracks. The on-going extinction is running full steam ahead, and only now are we realizing that we are riding on the Extinction Express. As the diversity and richness of life on Earth continues to diminish, will even we humans be able to avoid the long, cold sleep of extinction? That is truly a question that we should consider.

What can we do about this? Sure, there could be some solutions, but there is woefully little sign of the kind of major commitments it would take to achieve them. Without strong motivation to change, it looks like we’ll continue to ride the train to oblivion.

The novel “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?” by Philip K. Dick is about extinction. It is set in a future world when virtually all animal life has been destroyed and only humans remain. Humans still yearn for animal companionship, and robots are used to replace the extinct creatures. For example the hero of the book, police agent Rick Deckard, keeps an artificial sheep on the roof of his apartment building. (The movie Blade Runner was based on this book, although it does not include this critical part of the story from which the book’s title came.) At the end of the book (not the movie) Deckard goes into the desert and thinks he has found a living toad. He takes it home with great excitement. But when he shows his wife the toad, she turns it over and shows him the cleverly concealed compartment where the batteries go.

There’s one thing we can say about extinction, and that is that it lasts for a long, long time. In fact, it’s like diamonds which, as the de Beers company has always told us, are forever.

Not the “End of History” After All? Ooops!

Friday, August 15th, 2008

By David L. Brown
The Russian invasion of Georgia and today’s threat to use nuclear weapons against Poland makes it apparent that the late lamented Soviet Union is rising out of the grave like an extra in Night of the Living Dead.

Here is some absolutely chilling news from the Associated Press:

MOSCOW – A top Russian general said Friday that Poland’s agreement to accept a U.S. missile interceptor base exposes the ex-communist nation to attack, possibly by nuclear weapons, the Interfax news agency reported.

The statement by Gen. Anatoly Nogovitsyn [the Russian Deputy Chief of Staff] is the strongest threat that Russia has issued against the plans to put missile defense elements in former Soviet satellite nations.

Poland and the United States on Thursday signed a deal for Poland to accept a missile interceptor base as part of a system the United States says is aimed at blocking attacks by rogue nations. Moscow, however, feels it is aimed at Russia’s missile force.

Folks, welcome to the next phase of the Hundred Year War that first broke out in 1914. World War I didn’t end with the Treaty of Versailles for it was followed by decades of mayhem and conflict that included World War II. And no more did the so-called Cold War end with the fall of the Berlin Wall. The struggle between East and West has merely taken a breather while Russia divested itself of its Soviet baggage to prepare for the next phase. Now, having filled its coffers and placed an economic choke hold on Europe with the threat of energy disruption and nuclear holocaust, the resurgent Soviet menace is once more sounding the trumpets of conquest.

Meantime, we naive and simple folk in the West happily concluded that since the Big Bad Soviet Bear was dead, we had reached “the end of history” as some ivory tower idiot named Francis Fukuyama told us. Somehow managing to ignore clues such as 9/11, we apparently concluded that there would be nothing but champagne and roses from then on.

Yeah, and I am the Ice Queen of Narnia, tending my flock of avian swine. (What, you didn’t know?)

Now the Russians have openly launched the next phase of the Cold War, and are we ready? Why, no, as a matter of fact we are not ready. Not even remotely. In fact, as Russia rebuilt its power, we have let ours turn to rot and ruin. Not a happy time at all in the Land of the Free and the Home of the, well, not anymore I guess.

Gee, who would have thought it — history didn’t come to an end after all. There is a whole lot of it left, oodles of it in fact. And from what we can tell, it ain’t gonna be champagne and roses after all. Umm, no. Vitriol and bile, perhaps, and lilies, yes, lots of pretty shroud-white lilies.

A New Superpower Flexes Its Muscle

Wednesday, August 13th, 2008

By David L. Brown

As the world churns and turns it seems that hardly a day goes past without the results of some horrible oversight or lack of foresight coming to light. The flavor of the week today is the Russian invasion of a democratic nation that is a friend of America.

It has been apparent for some time now that Russia is prepared to flex its muscles and begin once again to rebuild its lost Soviet empire. With the ruthless military invasion of Georgia, the Russian bear is openly displaying its fangs and claws.

And what will be the effect of this new demonstration of militarism on the part of a resurgent Russian Superpower, now flush with riches from oil and gas? Well, it’s hard to see much upside for the West because as usual we have failed to learn from the past and allowed Russia to get into a position of power over Western civilization. How?

Well, for starters Russia virtually holds Europe by the throat because it not only is the main source of the Continent’s natural gas and much of its oil, but it controls pipelines that feed those vital commodities from the East and Middle East. Europe will not react to the ruthless destruction of democratic Georgia except at the risk of experiencing the Mother of All Blackouts. Even if the sheep-like Europeans keep quiet, Russia is no doubt eager to keep turning the screws on energy costs by restricting or threatening supplies. They have already demonstrated that power by punishing former Soviet states with energy restrictions, so it is a natural next step to see them actually invading Georgia.

And what about the United States? Well, of course anything that creates instability in the world economy, and particularly energy supplies, is a huge problem for us. But there is something else that we don’t hear much about and which could be developing as a major disaster for us.

I will list the basic elements and let you put them together:

1 — In about two years, the U.S. is set to retire the Space Shuttle “fleet” (if you can call three vehicles a fleet). The Atlantis, Discovery and Endeavour craft are all scheduled to make their last flights in 2010.

2 — NASA’s plans to complete and bring into service a replacement for the Space Shuttle vehicles have been delayed and pushed back so that at present the new craft will not be available until 2015, barring any further delays. (For the arithmetically challenged, that leaves a five year gap. Much can happen in five years.)

3 — In the meantime, in order to supply and ferry crew members to the International Space Station, the United States will rely on vehicles provided at considerable expense (if at all) by — well, need I say it? Yes, the Russians. They will have us right where we don’t want to be, at their complete mercy.

Those facts add up to, well, a lot more than a public relations embarrassment. If the Russians decide not to cooperate with NASA, it would be a total disaster for the American space effort, with political, intelligence, and military repercussions. Meanwhile, it is a powerful weapon to hold over our heads as the Russians continue on their renewed plans to become the world’s leading Superpower.

Europe is out of the picture. NATO is dead on arrival. The Chinese have stolen a big chunk of America’s industrial base. The unstable Islamic places fortunate enough to live atop oil resources are absolutely floating in trillions of petro dollars and “investing” billions in the advancement of Islamic aims (i.e., jihad and “Death to Infidels!”).

I predict a new world coming in which Russia continues to rise like a Phoenix from the ashes of the Soviet Union to become a new economic Superpower. This will usher in a new Cold War that will not turn on ICBMs, armored divisions and artillery, but on raw economic force with fossil fuels as the lubricants of power and the objects of aggression.

As is already being suggested in the wake of the invasion of Georgia, we can kick Russia out of the G-8, but do they really need that? Consider that Russia already has its claws around the necks of four of the G-7 countries, France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom, and the rest (the U.S., Canada and Japan) are woefully dependent upon imported oil. The Group of Seven may once have been the apex of economic power in the world, but that time seems to be sinking fast into the swamp of history.

Which raises the question: As the Cold War picks up where it left off, will there be another Superpower around to face down the once and future Soviets? Well, not unless America gets on a different path PDQ. Otherwise, we will be sitting on the sidelines with Europe watching the Russians and the Islamic Jihadists duke it out over the remaining Asian and Mideast oil, with perhaps a little comic relief from the Chinese and Indians. Knowing the tendencies of all those players, it will be in no way a “cold” war, not at all.

What do we need to do? The list is long and the price will be high, but it can no longer be postponed.

First, we must wean ourselves from the addiction to oil as fast as possible. That is a gigantic task, because we have invested a century in building a society and an infrastructure that is based on cheap oil.

As far as the space program goes, we must either give up on our man-in-space programs or make a renewed effort to replace the Shuttles, fast. Perhaps the existing fleet can be kept going for another year or so until the replacements come on line. Whatever it takes, if we want to remain active in manned space exploration, it must be done on the fast track. But, in my opinion it is a good time to reevaluate the space program. Do we really, truly need to put a manned base on the Moon? Gosh, I don’t think so; we have enough problems right here on Earth. Do we absolutely, positively need to launch a (possibly doomed) manned mission to Mars? Probably not except as a public relations gesture. Do we need to maintain our stake in the International Space Station, an effort that has failed to deliver nearly all of its promised advantages? In short, no.

All of that cost and effort could and probably should be devoted to developing a new, sustainable energy infrastructure and developing our own oil and gas resources. Only that can defang the Russian bear, which has only oil and gas to hold over the West, as well as putting a stop to the extortion visited upon us by our very dear friends in Saudi Arabia, Iran, Libya, and those other festering hellholes of Islamic adventurism. Only when we can thumb our noses at those who are using their oil to blackmail and extort vast sums from the West can we hope for a renewed future for America.